I. Imvelaphi
Ngokubanzi, izixhobo zezonyango zifakwe kwi-i-itholene oxide kufuneka ihlaziywe kwaye ivavanywe kwintsalela ye-post-sterilizazation, njengoko inani lentsalela linxulumene ngokusondeleleneyo kwimpilo yabo bafunyanwa kwisixhobo sezonyango. I-Ebanonene Oxide yinkqubo ephakathi yoxinzelelo. Ukuba kuqhagamshelwe nolusu, ubomvu kunye nokudumba kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, ukubetheka kwenzeka emva kweeyure ezimbalwa, kunye nokunxibelelana okuphindaphindiweyo kunokubangela imvakalelo. I-spashing ulwelo emehlweni lunokubangela ukuba kutsha. Kwimeko yokuvezwa kwexesha elide kwizixa ezincinci, i-Neurasthenia i-syndrome kunye nezixhobo zemithambo yezityalo zinokubonwa. Ibiwe ichazwe ukuba i-Arate Arate LLPAL50 kwiigundane yi-330 mg / kg, kwaye ukuba i-ithylene oxide inyusa imigangatho ye-chromosomes ye-bone marrow kwi-chromosomes ye-bome [1]. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-carcinogenicicgenicicicicicicicicicicicicicicicicicicicicicicicicicicicicicis kwaye ukusweleka kuye kwaxelwa ukuba abasebenzi batyhilwe kwi-Ethlone Oxide. [2] 2-CHLOROETHAnol inokubangela ulusu erythema ukuba unxibelelana nolusu; Ingangeniswa ngenkangeleko yokubangela ityhefu. I-ORCH YOKUGQIBELA Inokutyeshela. Ukuvezwa kwexesha elide lexesha elide kunokubangela ukonakala kwinkqubo ye-nervous, inkqubo yentliziyo kunye nemiphunga. Iziphumo zophando lwasekhaya nezangaphandle kwi-Ethylene Glylcol ivuma ukuba ityhefu yayo iphantsi. Inkqubo yayo yeMetabolism emzimbeni iyafana ne-Ethabols ye-Ethalol ye-Ethanol Dehydroight kunye ne-Acetalic Acid, i-OXLICCIC Acid, enetyhefu ephezulu. Ke ngoko, inani lemigangatho lineemfuno ezithile zokuhlala emva kokutshutshiswa ngu-Ethylene oxide. Umzekelo, i-GB / T 16886.7-2015 "I-Biologiz yeeNdawo zeSerlilization", i-YY0290 I "Ophthalmic Officiction Agements yemida Intsalela ye-Englone Oxide kunye ne-2-Cloroethanol.Ge/t 16886.7-2012, icacisiwe ngokucacileyo ukuba xa usebenzisa izixhobo ze-2 nayo ilinganiselwe. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukuba bahlalutye siqonde imveliso yentsalela eqhelekileyo (i-Ethone oxide, i-2-chloroethanol, i-ethlone Glycol) kwimveliso, ukugcinwa kwezixhobo zezonyango, kunye nenkqubo ye-steril.
II. Uhlalutyo lwentsalela ye-Sterilization
Inkqubo yemveliso ye-Ethylene oxide yahlulwe yaba yindlela ye-chlorohyddrin kunye nendlela ye-oxidation. Phakathi kwazo, indlela ye-chlorohyddrin yindlela yemveliso ye-zelene ye-oxlene ye-oxcone oxidey. I-ikakhulu iqulethe iinkqubo ezimbini zokuphendula: inyathelo lokuqala: c2h4 + HVRE-CH2CL - CH2H; Inyathelo lesibini: Ch2cl - Ch2oh + Caeh2 - C2H4O + Cacl2 + H2O. Inkqubo yayo yokuphendula iMveliso ePhakathi yi-2-Chloroethanol (Ch2cl-Ch2oh). Ngenxa yetekhnoloji yangasemva yendlela ye-chlorohyddddrin, ukungcoliseka okukhulu kwendalo, kudityaniswe nemveliso yokuthuka kwezixhobo, uninzi lwabavelisi basusiwe [4]. Indlela ye-oxidation [3] yahlulwe yaba yindlela yomoya kunye neoksijini. Ngokutsho kokucoceka kweoksijini, ukuveliswa kweyona ndlela iphambili kwiinkqubo ezimbini zokuphendula: inyathelo lokuqala: 2c2h4 + o2 - 2O; Inyathelo lesibini: c2h4 + 3o2 - 2co2 + 3co2 + 3co2 + h2o. Okwangoku, ukuveliswa kwemveliso yase-Ethylene oxide ngoku, ukuveliswa kwemveliso ye-Ethylene oxide ikakhulu kuyamkela inkqubo ye-oxidation ye-Ethylene ngesilivere njengeyona nto iphambili. Ke ngoko, inkqubo yemveliso yase-Ethylene oxide yinto ethatha uvavanyo lwe-2-chloroethanol emva kobisi.
Ibhekisa kumalungiselelo afanelekileyo kwi-GB / T 16886.7-20 Umgangatho wokwenza isiqinisekiso kunye nophuhliso lwenkqubo ye-Ethylene Oxide i-Othylene Oxide, uninzi lweentsalela zikhona kwifomu yentsusa emva kokusetyenziswa kweServil. Izinto ezichaphazela isixa sentsalela ikakhulu siquka i-adlon ye-englone oxide zizixhobo zezonyango, izixhobo zokupakisha kunye nexesha lokusombulula, iimeko zokugcina, njl njl., Kwaye le mibandela ingentla ichonge ubuchule be-Ethylene oxide. Kuxelwe kuncwadi [5] ukuba ukuxinana kwe-ithylene oxidey kuhlala khethwa njenge-300-1000g.l-1. Izinto zokulahleka ze-Ethylene Oxide Ngexesha lokuzibandakanya ikakhulu zibandakanya: I-Adsorvotion yezixhobo zonyango, i-hydrolysis phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokufuma, njalo njalo. Uxinzelelo lwe-500-600mg.l-1 luqoqosho lwezoqoqosho kwaye lusebenza, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-i-eOlonene oxide kunye nentsalela kwizinto ezifundwayo, ukugcina iindleko zeSterilic.
I-chlorine inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kwishishini lekhemikhali, iimveliso ezininzi zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo kuthi. Ingasetyenziswa njengendawo ephakathi, enje nge-vinyl chloride, okanye njengemveliso yokuphela, efana ne-bleach. Kwangelo xesha, i-chlorine ikwakhona emoyeni, amanzi kunye nezinye iindawo, ubungozi bomzimba womntu ziyabonakala. Ke ngoko, xa izixhobo zezonyango ezifanelekileyo zifakwa yi-Etholene oxide, uhlalutyo olubanzi lwemveliso, ukucocwa, ukugcinwa kunye nemilinganiselo ekujoliswe kuyo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukulawula isixa esiyi-2-cloroethanol.
Kuxelwe kuncwadi [6] ukuba umxholo we-2-Chloroethanol phantse i-150 μg / isiqwenga emva kweeyure ezingama-72 ze-band-μg ye-band ye-band ye-betlene oxide, kwaye ngokubhekisele kwizixhobo zethutyana zonxibelelwano ezichaziweyo Kwinqanaba le-GB / T16886.7-2015, umndilili wedosi ye-2-chloroethanol kwisigulana esingaphezulu kwe-9 mg, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kunexabiso lomda kumgangatho.
Isifundo [7] salinganisa intsalela ye-Ethlone Oxide kunye ne-2-Chloroeethanol kwiindidi ezintathu zentambo, kwaye i-2-Chloronol yayingama-53.7 μG-1 kumtya we-nylon . YY 0167-2005 icacisa umda wokufumana i-ithoylene oxide yosulelo olungenakuphawuleka, kwaye akukho mfundo 2-cloroethanol. Ukungabinazinto zinokubakho kangangesixa esikhulu samanzi aphuma kwimveliso. Iindidi ezine zomgangatho wamanzi amanzi e-World ziyasebenza kwingingqi yoKhuseleko lweMizi-mveliso kunye nombutho ongenakubhekisa kwi-Blegae kunye ne-Algae kunye ne-Algae kunye neSpenternations emathunzini . Eyona nto iphambili kwi-calcium i-calcium hypocchlorite, eyenziwa ngokudlula igesi ye-chlorine ngelitye. I-calcium hypocchlorite ihlisiwe ngokulula emoyeni, ifomula ephambili yokuphendula: CA (Clou) 2 + CO2 + COO-COO3 + 2HRED. I-Hypocchlorite icocwe ngokulula kwi-hydrochloric acid kunye namanzi phantsi kokukhanya, ifomula ephambili yokuphendula: 2Hesper + 2Hcl +. I-2hcl + O2.Klorine ezimbi ze-ions zivunyelwe ngokulula kwimisebenzi, kwaye phantsi kwendawo ezithile ezibuthathaka okanye i-alkaline ebuthathaka, i-Alkaline Oxide ivula iringi kunye nokuvelisa i-2-chloroethanol.
Kuxelwe kuncwadi [8] ukuba i-2-chloroethanol kwiisampulu ze-IOL yakhutshwa yi-Ucetostonic kwaye igqitywe yi-chromatometry, kodwa ayifunyanwanga.YYY0290.8-2008 i "Ophthalmic Offatic I-Lens ISAHLUKO 8: Iimfuno ezisisiseko "zichaza ukuba isixa semali esiyi-2-chloroethanol kwi-IOL ayifanelanga ukuba ingaphezulu kwe-2.0μg ngosuku lwelensi nganye, kwaye iyonke i-GB / T16886. I-7 ukuya kwi-15
Ngamafutshane, xa uphononongwa kwentsalela yezixhobo zezonyango emva kokuziqhelanisa ne-Etholene oxide, i-Englone Oxide kwaye i-2-Chloroethanol kufuneka ihlalutye ngeyona meko.
Ngexesha lokuziqhelanisa nezixhobo zonyango, ezinye zezinto ezingafunekiyo zezinto ezisetyenziswayo zezonyango okanye izinto zokupakisha zibandakanya i-Polyviny ye-pheclorinyl chloride (PVC), kunye nenani elincinci kakhulu le-vinyl chloride (VCM) iya kuveliswa yi-PVC Retin Ngexesha lokulungiswa.GB100100-2009 Iipayipi ezithambileyo ze-PVC zichaza ukuba umxholo we-VCM awunakudlula kwi-1μg .g-1. I-VCM isebenza ngokulula phantsi kwesenzo se-catalysts (peroxides, njl. Njl. I-vinyl chloride ifakwe ngokulula phantsi kwesenzo se-catalyst (Peroxide, njl.njl. Xa i-polyvinyl chloride ishushu ngaphezulu kwe-100 ° C okanye ivezwe kwi-radiation ye-ultraviolet, kukho indlela yokuba irhasi ye-hydrogen ye-hydrogen inokuphelisa. Emva koko ukudityaniswa kwe-hydrogen chloride igesi kunye ne-itholene oxide ngaphakathi kwephakheji iya kuvelisa isixa esithile se-2-chloroethanol.
I-Ethylene Glycol, izinzile kwindalo, ayisiyonto iguquguqukayo. I-Atom ye-Otom yase-Ethylene Oxide ihamba ngeenyawo ezimbini ze-elektroni kwaye inombala oqinileyo, owenza kube lula ukuvelisa i-itholon ye-chloride xa i-hloride i-hloride i-ions. Umzekelo: C2h4o + Nacl + H2O - Ch2cl - Ch2ah + Nah. Le nkqubo ibuthathaka kakhulu kwisiphelo esisebenzayo kwaye sisisiseko esisiseko kwisiphelo semveliso, kwaye imeko yale mpendulo iphantsi. Isimo esiphakamileyo sisimo se-ithylene e -thylene oxide ekunxibelelaneni namanzi: c2h4o + h2o ch2h-ch2h-ch2h-ch2h-ch2h-ch2od, kunye ne-ch2oh ye-oxlene inika i-chlorine yasimahla.
Ukuba i-chlorine goone ihlelo kwimveliso, ukugcinwa, ukugcinwa, ukuthutha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zezonyango, kunokwenzeka ukuba i-E-Elylene Axide iya kusabela kwi-2-chloroethanol. Since the chlorohydrin method has been eliminated from the production process, its intermediate product, 2-chloroethanol, will not occur in the direct oxidation method. Kwimveliso yezixhobo zezonyango, izinto ezithile ezingafunekiyo zinezinto ezomeleleyo ze-adlon oxide kunye ne-2-chloroethanol, ke ulawulo lweemali zabo zokuntsalela kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo xa zihlalutya emva kokuzihlaziya. Ukongeza, ngexesha lokuveliswa kwezixhobo zonyango, izinto ezingafunekiyo, ii-conses, iimpendulo zokuphendula ziqukethe i-sclorganic ye-oxidene, kwaye xa i-Ecloneene ivula iringi phantsi kwe-acidic okanye i-Alkaline, phantsi kwe-sn2 Ukuphendula, kunye nokudibanisa i-chlorine yasimahla ye-ion ye-2-chloroethanol kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.
Okwangoku, indlela eqhelekileyo esetyenzisiweyo yokufumana i-Englone Oxide, 2-Chloroethanol kunye ne-Ethylene Glycol yindlela yesigaba segesi. I-Ebanonene Oxide ikwanokufunyanwa yindlela yemodimilic usebenzisa isisombululo sovavanyo lwe-sulfite sulfite, kodwa njengokuqinisekisa ukuba ubushushu obungapheliyo be-37 ° C kwi Indawo yovavanyo ukuze ilawule impendulo ye-Ethylene Glycol, kunye nexesha lokubeka isisombululo ukuba livavanywe emva kwenkqubo yophuhliso lwemibala. Ke ngoko, ukuqinisekiswa kokuqinisekiswa kwendlela (kubandakanya ukuchaneka kwendlela, ukuchaneka, imvakalelo, njl njl.
III. Ukucingiswa kwiNkqubo yokuHlaziya
I-Etholene oxide, 2-Chloroethanol kunye ne-Ethylene Glycol yintsalela eqhelekileyo emva kwe-ithoylene oxide lezixhobo zezonyango. Ukuqhuba uvavanyo lwentsalela, ukungeniswa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo kwimveliso kunye nokugcinwa kwe-ithoylene oxide, imveliso kunye nokucocwa kwezixhobo zonyango kufuneka kuqwalaselwe.
Kukho eminye imicimbi emibini ekufuneka ijolise kuyonga umsebenzi wokuphononongwa kwesixhobo sezonyango: 1. Nokuba kubalulekile ukwenza uvavanyo lwentsalela ye-2-Chloroethanol. Kwimveliso ye-Ethylene oxide, ukuba i-chlorohyddrin yemvelo isetyenziswa, nangona ihlanjululwe, igesi ye-Ethylene iyonga iququzeleli kwimveliso ephakathi kwemveliso, i-chloroomanol ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, kunye nendawo yayo entsalelayo kufuneka ivavanywe. Ukuba indlela ye-oxidation isetyenzisiwe, akukho kwandula ukwaziswa kwe-2-Chloroethanol, kodwa isixa sentsalela ye-inhibitors, i-catalysts, njl njl. Izixhobo zonyango zisebenzisa inani elikhulu lamanzi ezishishino kwinkqubo yemveliso, kunye nenani elithile le-hypochlorite kunye ne-chlorine ezimbi ze-ions zilungiswa kwimveliso egqityiweyo, ezizizathu zokungabikho kwintsalela. Kukho amatyala olwalutyani lwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokupakisha izixhobo zezonyango ezinee-xorine ze-chlorine okanye izixhobo zepolymer enesakhiwo esizinzileyo kwaye akukho lula ukwahlula i-2-chloroethanol Intsalela kufuneka ivavanywe kuvavanyo, kwaye ukuba kukho ubungqina obaneleyo obubonisa ukuba awuyi kwaziswa kwi-2-Chloroethanol okanye iphantsi kunendlela yokuqaphela, uvavanyo alunakukhathalelwa ukuba ulawule umngcipheko wayo. I-2. Ngovavanyo lwe-Ethylene Glycol Vavanya lokuhlalutya. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-Englone Oxide kunye ne-2-Chloroethanol, ityhefu yoqhakamshelwano ye-Ethylene Glycone iphantsi, kodwa i-Englone Oxide kwaye amanzi athambekele ukuvelisa i-galylene glycol, kunye ne Umxholo we-Ethylene Glycol emva kokusetyenziswa kwe-intelylene oxide, kwaye ihambelana nokupakisha, iqondo lobushushu le-microorganis, ke, i-ithylene glycol kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ngokungqinelana nale meko . Uvavanyo.
Imigangatho yenye yezixhobo zokuphononongwa kobugcisa bezixhobo zonyango, ukuphononongwa kobugcisa bezixhobo zezonyango kufuneka kugxilwe kwiimfuno ezisisiseko zoyilo kunye nophuhliso, ukuvelisa, ukusetyenziswa kunye neminye imiba yohlalutyo oluchaphazelekayo Ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwethiyori kunye nokuziqhelanisa, ngokusekwe kwisayensi, ngokusekwe kwizibakala, kunokuba kubhekiswe ngqo kumgangatho woyilo lwemveliso, uphando kunye nophuhliso, imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa. Umsebenzi wokuphononongwa kufuneka unikele ingqalelo ngakumbi kwinkqubo yokuvelisa izixhobo zezonyango kulawulo lwamakhonkco afanelekileyo, kwangaxeshanye kuphononongo lwendawo kufuneka ibe "yingxaki" ye-" Ukuphucula umgangatho wophononongo, injongo yokuphononongwa kwesayensi.
Umthombo: Iziko loPhononongo lobuGcisa lwezixhobo zoNyango, uLawulo lweSiyobisi (i-SDA)
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I-Post Time: Sep-21 ukuya kwi-2023